The classical pathway is activated by C1q-mediated recognition of the target. Further activation of this pathway causes C4b and its cleavage product iC4b to accumulate in the tissues. C4b binds to C2 ...

To survive in the human host, bacteria have developed many different strategies to escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and 'hiding' within host ...

Immunotherapy is increasingly becoming standard therapy in cancer, with technology, such as checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy, raising the efficacy bar in many forms of the disease. But the ...

It was called ‘complement’ because it aided the antibacterial activity of antibodies. However, it is now known that the complement system can be activated early in an infection without the presence of ...