Do you simply remember that SpO2 is safe if it is 95% or higher, and dangerous if it drops below 90%? In reality, applying this understanding to certain patients, such as those with COPD, can lead to ...

Introduction Identifying acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is crucial in the initial management of acute exacerbations of COPD. Guidelines recommend obtaining arterial blood samples but these are ...

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If the medical chart says "pH 7.32, PaCO2 50, PaO2 65, HCO3 24, BE 0," how would you explain this patient's condition? I think many people look at the numbers but honestly don't fully understand them.

If your oxygen level drops below 92%, seek medical help immediately. Low oxygen can cause symptoms like chest pain, confusion, and shortness of breath. Without treatment, low oxygen levels can lead to ...

Training and competition may resume if left ventricular systolic function is normal, serum biomarkers of myocardial injury are normal and if relevant arrhythmias are ruled out on 24-hour ECG ...

In patients admitted to hospital with an exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (ECOPD), appropriate oxygen therapy can save lives, but excess oxygenation is associated with higher ...

The complex nature of interactions between the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems is becoming increasingly appreciated. Pulmonary vascular abnormalities are frequently present in patients with ...

Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine. Hypercapnia happens when you have too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in your blood.

In medicine, hypoxia is a condition in which the human body tissues are not oxygenated sufficiently to maintain adequate homeostasis, resulting from inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues due to ...